Method and system for determining alternate paths

ABSTRACT

An approach is provided for determining alternative paths. Information is stored specifying a set of available paths among network elements within a connection-oriented network. The available paths are sorted according to a predetermined criterion. The sorted paths are selectively filtered based on either a particular one of the network elements, a region associated with one or more of the network elements, or a combination thereof.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.12/261,366, filed Oct. 30, 2008, the entirety of which is incorporatedherein by reference.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Modern communication networks are growing in size and complexity. As thenumber of consumers increases and services evolve in sophistication, theperformance of these networks can degrade, in part, from link and/orequipment failure. Telecommunication networks rely onconnection-oriented (e.g., circuit-switched systems), to transport voicetraffic as well as data traffic. Such networks utilize digitalcross-connect systems (DXC or DCS) to multiplex and switch low-data ratesignals onto higher speed connections. Additionally, DXCs provide acapability to switch paths to avoid network faults, for example. Intypical carrier networks, the number of DXCs can be quite large,resulting in numerous alternate paths through the network. Consequently,tracking and determining the circuits and paths throughout the network,particularly if different networks are involved, can be daunting.Traditionally, such determination of paths and associated switchingamong the paths are highly inefficient and manually intensive.

Therefore, there is a need for an approach that provides for efficientlydetermining alternate paths in a communications network.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various exemplary embodiments are illustrated by way of example, and notby way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings inwhich like reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system capable of automatically determiningavailable alternate paths, according to various exemplary embodiments;

FIGS. 2A and 2B are, respectively, a diagram of an automated routedetermination platform and a diagram of an exemplary digitalcross-connect, each of which is configured to operate in the system ofFIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a process for determining available alternatepaths, according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are a flowchart of a path analysis process, according toan exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 5A-5E are diagrams of an exemplary path and associated graphicaluser interface (GUI) displaying corresponding path legs, according to anexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of GUI showing a branching capability in presentingthe number of hops of paths, according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a diagram of a database configured to store informationrelating to path analysis, according to an exemplary embodiment; and

FIG. 8 is a diagram of a computer system that can be used to implementvarious exemplary embodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

A preferred apparatus, method, and system for determining availablealternate paths are described. In the following description, for thepurposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth inorder to provide a thorough understanding of the preferred embodimentsof the invention. It is apparent, however, that the preferredembodiments may be practiced without these specific details or with anequivalent arrangement. In other instances, well-known structures anddevices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarilyobscuring the preferred embodiments of the invention.

Although various exemplary embodiments are described with respect to aconnection-oriented (e.g., circuit-switched) network, it is contemplatedthat these embodiments have applicability to any communication systemcapable of providing alternate paths from a source node to a destinationnode.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system capable of automatically determiningavailable alternate paths, according to various exemplary embodiments.As shown, a communications system 100 includes connection-orientednetworks 101, 103, which utilize a system of digital cross connects(DXCs) to establish communication paths. By way of example, the networks101, 103 are circuit-switched networks that are operated by differentservice providers, in which the particular circuits are provisioned bydifferent provisioning systems 105, 107, respectively. The network 101includes multiple DXCs 109-113; in this example, the DXCs 109, 111 canreside within the same physical facility. The DXC 113 providesconnectivity to a switch 115 (e.g., voice switch). Similarly, theconnection-oriented network 103 deploys one or more DXCs 117-121 as atransport network, wherein a switch 123 is served by DXC 119. The DXCsare more fully described with respect to FIG. 2B. The switches 115, 123can be either a voice switch or a data switch.

An automated path determination platform 125, which resides within thenetwork 101 or the network 103, provides management of the DXCs 109-113of the network 101 as well as DXCs 117-121 of the network 103. Theplatform 125 can communicate with both provisioning systems 105, 107 toacquire information about the topologies of the networks 101 and 103with respect to the network elements 109-113 and 117-121.Conventionally, the topology information can be created based on circuitidentifiers (IDs) and ports of the DXCs 109-113 and 117-121. However, aswill be more evident later, circuit IDs are not required to determinethe alternate paths, under an approach utilized by the platform 125.That is, the platform 125 identifies available facility based DXC pathsbetween two locations. For instance, during outage or jeopardysituations, these paths are used for alternate routing purposes. Underthe scenario of FIG. 1, path A originates from DXC 113 serving switch115 and traverses network 101 to DXC 121 of network 103 and terminatesat DXC 119. An alternative path to path A is path B, which encompassesDXC 113 and DXC 117. These paths A and B can be designated as primaryand secondary paths, respectively. In such an arrangement, the trafficof source switch 115 can still be transported to destination switch 123,even though path A experiences a problem (e.g., failed equipment orphysical cut of a line). Alternate paths can be utilized during outagesituations where time to repair is unknown or prolonged. This can becritical, as prolonged outages can negatively affect revenue. As such,efficient alternate route resolution has a direct impact on lostrevenue.

To better appreciate the operations of the platform 125, it isinstructive to describe traditional alternate routing schemes. Using thesystem 100 of FIG. 1, the complexity of manually establishing a pathbetween two site locations can be shown. Traditionally, a user or agentof the network 101 logs into the provisioning system 105, 107 tomanually query each leg (or segment) of a given communication path.However, this process can be time-consuming (e.g., in a relatively largenetwork, it may require 30 minutes to determine one path), not tomention the associated cost to train the user on the provisioningsystems 105, 107.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are, respectively, a diagram of an automated routedetermination platform and a diagram of an exemplary digitalcross-connect, each of which is configured to operate in the system ofFIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment. For the purposes ofillustration, the platform 125 includes a path analysis module 201 todetermine the alternate paths within the circuit-switched environment ofFIG. 1. Also, a data collection module 203 is employed to gathernecessary topology information from the provisioning system 105, 107.The platform 125 may additionally include modules 205, 207 to performfault detection and recovery in conjunction with the path analysis. Apresentation module 209 can display a graphical user interface (GUI) toa user for specifying criteria or rules associated with the pathanalysis, and for outputting the results for selection. A reportingmodule 211 can also be included to provide reporting capabilities forthe user. In this example, a database 213 can be configured to storepath analysis parameters and results.

The operation of this platform 125 is now explained below with respectto FIG. 3.

For the purposes of illustration, a digital cross-connect (DCS or DXC),such as DXC 109, includes numerous ports 221 a-221 n for receivingingress traffic and for forwarding egress traffic. DXCs switch circuitsby making internal logical connections between external physical portsin response to external control. Accordingly, a switching matrix 223switches among the ports 221 a-221 n. To efficiently transmit signals,multiple circuits of the same capacity are combined or multiplexedtogether into a single carrier (e.g., “trunk”). In one embodiment,multiplexing hierarchy can be based on a Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH): DS-0 circuits (or Digital Signal Level 0) with a capacity of upto 64 kilobits per second (Kbps); DS-1 circuits of 1.544 megabits persecond (Mbps) or 24 DS-0s; DS-2 circuits of 6.312 Mbps or 4 DS-1s; andDS-3 circuits of 44.736 Mbps or 7 DS-2s.

For example, the DXC 109 can be a DXC 3/3 node that switches DS3(Digital Signal 3, which is a level 3 T-carrier with a rate of 44.736Mbps) signals, a hybrid DXC 3/1 node that switches DS1 (rate of 1.544Mbps) and DS3 signals, and/or a DXC 1/0 node that switches DS1 and DS0(rate of 64 kbps) signals. In addition to electrical DXCs, it iscontemplated that the DXC 109 can also be an optical cross-connect (OXC)for use in an optical networking environment.

Thus, depending on the application, the DXC 109 can process SynchronousDigital Hierarchy (SDH) signals as well as SDH/SONET (SynchronousDigital Hierarchy/Synchronous Optical Network) signals. For instance,long-haul transmission equipment such as fiber-optic systems can combinea certain number of DS-3s; e.g., SONET OC-48 (Optical Carrier Level 48)combines 48 DS-3circuits.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a process for determining available alternatepaths, according to an exemplary embodiment. In step 301, the platform125 determines the available paths from a source network element (ornode), e.g., DXC 113, to a destination network element, e.g., DXC 119.The available paths are then sorted according to a predeterminedcriterion (or criteria), as in step 303. The criteria can be based onhop length, or any other metric. The hop count then is the number ofsubsequent legs (or segments) along the path from source node todestination node. Next, the platform 125 can filter the sorted pathsusing, according to one embodiment, a particular network element and/orlocation (step 305). This filtering capability thus permits thenon-selection of a particular DXC (e.g., the DXC has been known to beunreliable) or a DXC within a certain location (e.g., if the location isgenerally overloaded with heavy traffic). In step 307, a path from theremaining ones is selected for use. It is noted that this process isautomated, and does not require manually accessing the particularprovisioning systems, or manually enumerating and evaluating theavailable paths.

According to certain embodiments, the path analysis can depend onwhether the communication path is an egress to ingress (i.e.,egress/ingress) or an ingress to egress (i.e., ingress/egress), as nextdescribed.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are a flowchart of a path analysis process, according toan exemplary embodiment. In step 401, the process determines whether thepath is Egress/Ingress or Ingress/Egress, wherein an Egress to Ingresspath has a 1:N relationship (i.e., 1 to many; N being an integer of 1 orgreater) and an Ingress/Egress path has a 1:1 relationship. Hence, instep 403, a 1 to many relationship is created with respect to thealternate paths, and a 1:1 relationship 405 is produced, per step 405.

Upon establishing the appropriate relationship for the path, the processdetermines the number of hops, as in step 407, for the path. Thedetermined number of hops is compared with a predetermined threshold(which is a configurable parameter), per step 409. For example, thethreshold can be set at 5 hops. As shown in FIG. 4B, the region is thenanalyzed, in which the process determines whether a region is to beexcluded, as in step 411. If the node or network element is to beexcluded based on region, the path analysis ceases (step 413).Otherwise, the process analyzes the destination DXC, and checks whetheran end point is found (step 415). If this is not the end point, then theprocess loops back to step 401. If the destination node is found, thenthe path is output (per step 417).

In support of the execution of the above path analysis process, theplatform 125 employs a GUI that permits the user to readily view theavailable paths.

FIGS. 5A-5E are diagrams of an exemplary path and associated graphicaluser interface (GUI) displaying corresponding path legs, according to anexemplary embodiment. In this example (shown in screen 501), a path 503originates in Houston, traverses through New Orleans, La., throughJacksonville, then Fla., Coco Beach, Fla., and ends in Miami, Fla.(screen 501 of FIG. 5A). Within a query screen 505 of FIG. 5B, textboxes 507, 509 permit the user to specify an originating (or source)network element using a city identifier and an equipment identifier.Similarly text boxes 511, 513 provide parameters for identifying thedestination node. Text boxes 507 and 511 refer to the DXC site name,while text boxes 509 and 513 relate to the DXC equipment ID number(e.g., AA=1, AB=2, AC=3, etc.). In this example, HSJ AA denotes the DXCnumber 1 at HSJ site; HSJ AB represents DXC 2 at HSJ site. Section 515illustrates a path structure that specifies the number of hopscorresponding to the communication path. Hops represent, in oneembodiment, the number of network elements (e.g., DXCs) along a completepath—i.e., from source DXC to destination DXC. In an exemplaryembodiment, the structure is expandable and collapsible, so that theuser can readily focus on the desired paths.

Also, query screen 505 provides for a Paths button 517 to initiatedetermination of the available paths. A Stop button 519, upon selection,will halt the path analysis process. An Exclude button 521 eliminatesthe paths that user designates for removal; as mentioned earlier, theexclusion can be based on network element and/or location. Further, anExit button 523 allows the user to terminate the application.

FIG. 5C depicts a screen 531, whereby the path 503 experiences a failure(e.g., outage). As such, an alternate path 533 is determined. Screen 535of FIG. 5D reflects the alternate path 533.

FIG. 5E illustrates a query screen 541 in which a drill down box 543associated with the query screen 541 permits the user to excludeparticular network elements or location. Text boxes 545-551 relate tofacilities and city. The Add buttons 547, 551 are used to includeadditional network elements for exclusion from the set of availablepaths.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of GUI showing a branching capability in presentingthe number of hops of paths, according to an exemplary embodiment. Asseen in graphic 601, each branch may represent a path's connection fromone DXC to another. In this example, 5 hops are illustrated, wherein thelegs of the path are provided.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of a database configured to store informationrelating to path analysis, according to an exemplary embodiment.Exemplary data structures 701, 703 relating to path analysis informationcan be stored in database 213. By way of example, the record of table701 includes equipment information for the source network element andthe destination network element (e.g., “NMT1” and “NMT2” respectively);the fields can include the name of the network element (e.g., “NMT” forthe name of the DXC), description of the network element, portinformation, and type of network element.

Table 703 specifies, for example, the network element and the locationwhere the network element resides.

The processes described herein for determining alternate paths may beimplemented via software, hardware (e.g., general processor, DigitalSignal Processing (DSP) chip, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), etc.), firmware or acombination thereof. Such exemplary hardware for performing thedescribed functions is detailed below.

FIG. 8 illustrates computing hardware (e.g., computer system) upon whichan embodiment according to the invention can be implemented. Thecomputer system 800 includes a bus 801 or other communication mechanismfor communicating information and a processor 803 coupled to the bus 801for processing information. The computer system 800 also includes mainmemory 805, such as random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storagedevice, coupled to the bus 801 for storing information and instructionsto be executed by the processor 803. Main memory 805 also can be usedfor storing temporary variables or other intermediate information duringexecution of instructions by the processor 803. The computer system 800may further include a read only memory (ROM) 807 or other static storagedevice coupled to the bus 801 for storing static information andinstructions for the processor 803. A storage device 809, such as amagnetic disk or optical disk, is coupled to the bus 801 forpersistently storing information and instructions.

The computer system 800 may be coupled via the bus 801 to a display 811,such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display, active matrixdisplay, or plasma display, for displaying information to a computeruser. An input device 813, such as a keyboard including alphanumeric andother keys, is coupled to the bus 801 for communicating information andcommand selections to the processor 803. Another type of user inputdevice is a cursor control 815, such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursordirection keys, for communicating direction information and commandselections to the processor 803 and for controlling cursor movement onthe display 811.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the processes describedherein are performed by the computer system 800, in response to theprocessor 803 executing an arrangement of instructions contained in mainmemory 805. Such instructions can be read into main memory 805 fromanother computer-readable medium, such as the storage device 809.Execution of the arrangement of instructions contained in main memory805 causes the processor 803 to perform the process steps describedherein. One or more processors in a multi-processing arrangement mayalso be employed to execute the instructions contained in main memory805. In alternative embodiments, hard-wired circuitry may be used inplace of or in combination with software instructions to implement theembodiment of the invention. Thus, embodiments of the invention are notlimited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.

The computer system 800 also includes a communication interface 817coupled to bus 801. The communication interface 817 provides a two-waydata communication coupling to a network link 819 connected to a localnetwork 821. For example, the communication interface 817 may be adigital subscriber line (DSL) card or modem, an integrated servicesdigital network (ISDN) card, a cable modem, a telephone modem, or anyother communication interface to provide a data communication connectionto a corresponding type of communication line. As another example,communication interface 817 may be a local area network (LAN) card (e.g.for Ethernet™ or an Asynchronous Transfer Model (ATM) network) toprovide a data communication connection to a compatible LAN. Wirelesslinks can also be implemented. In any such implementation, communicationinterface 817 sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic, or opticalsignals that carry digital data streams representing various types ofinformation. Further, the communication interface 817 can includeperipheral interface devices, such as a Universal Serial Bus (USB)interface, a PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card InternationalAssociation) interface, etc. Although a single communication interface817 is depicted in FIG. 8, multiple communication interfaces can also beemployed.

The network link 819 typically provides data communication through oneor more networks to other data devices. For example, the network link819 may provide a connection through local network 821 to a hostcomputer 823, which has connectivity to a network 825 (e.g. a wide areanetwork (WAN) or the global packet data communication network nowcommonly referred to as the “Internet”) or to data equipment operated bya service provider. The local network 821 and the network 825 both useelectrical, electromagnetic, or optical signals to convey informationand instructions. The signals through the various networks and thesignals on the network link 819 and through the communication interface817, which communicate digital data with the computer system 800, areexemplary forms of carrier waves bearing the information andinstructions.

The computer system 800 can send messages and receive data, includingprogram code, through the network(s), the network link 819, and thecommunication interface 817. In the Internet example, a server (notshown) might transmit requested code belonging to an application programfor implementing an embodiment of the invention through the network 825,the local network 821 and the communication interface 817. The processor803 may execute the transmitted code while being received and/or storethe code in the storage device 809, or other non-volatile storage forlater execution. In this manner, the computer system 800 may obtainapplication code in the form of a carrier wave.

The term “computer-readable medium” as used herein refers to any mediumthat participates in providing instructions to the processor 803 forexecution. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limitedto non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media.Non-volatile media include, for example, optical or magnetic disks, suchas the storage device 809. Volatile media include dynamic memory, suchas main memory 805. Transmission media include coaxial cables, copperwire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise the bus 801.Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic, optical, orelectromagnetic waves, such as those generated during radio frequency(RF) and infrared (IR) data communications. Common forms ofcomputer-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexibledisk, hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM,CDRW, DVD, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, opticalmark sheets, any other physical medium with patterns of holes or otheroptically recognizable indicia, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM,any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave, or any other mediumfrom which a computer can read.

Various forms of computer-readable media may be involved in providinginstructions to a processor for execution. For example, the instructionsfor carrying out at least part of the embodiments of the invention mayinitially be borne on a magnetic disk of a remote computer. In such ascenario, the remote computer loads the instructions into main memoryand sends the instructions over a telephone line using a modem. A modemof a local computer system receives the data on the telephone line anduses an infrared transmitter to convert the data to an infrared signaland transmit the infrared signal to a portable computing device, such asa personal digital assistant (PDA) or a laptop. An infrared detector onthe portable computing device receives the information and instructionsborne by the infrared signal and places the data on a bus. The busconveys the data to main memory, from which a processor retrieves andexecutes the instructions. The instructions received by main memory canoptionally be stored on storage device either before or after executionby processor.

While certain exemplary embodiments and implementations have beendescribed herein, other embodiments and modifications will be apparentfrom this description. Accordingly, the invention is not limited to suchembodiments, but rather to the broader scope of the presented claims andvarious obvious modifications and equivalent arrangements.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: storing informationspecifying a set of available paths among network elements within anetwork, wherein specifying the set of available paths includesdetermining whether a path is an egress to ingress type or an ingress toegress type, and comparing a determined number of hops of the path witha predetermined threshold; for each of the available paths, determiningwhether one or more regions associated with one or more of the networkelements are to be excluded; sorting the available paths according to apredetermined criterion; selectively filtering the sorted paths based oneither a particular one of the network elements, a region associatedwith one or more of the network elements, or a combination thereof; anddisplaying the one or more excluded regions.
 2. A method according toclaim 1, wherein the network is a circuit-switched network, and thenetwork elements include digital cross connects configured to establishthe paths.
 3. A method according to claim 1, further comprising:selecting one of the filtered paths, wherein the selected path isestablished over the network in response to a fault detected within thenetwork.
 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the predeterminedcriterion includes hop length, each of the paths includes one or morelegs, and the paths are identified without use of circuit identifiers.5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the stored informationincludes a name field, a description field, a port field, and a typefield for corresponding ones of the network elements.
 6. A methodaccording to claim 1, further comprising: displaying a graphical userinterface that includes, a first section for specifying an originatingnetwork element, a second section for specifying a destination networkelement, and a third section for providing a tree structure arrangedaccording to a number of hops of the paths.
 7. A method according toclaim 1, further comprising: displaying a graphical user interface thatincludes, a first section for specifying the region, and a secondsection for specifying one of the network elements.
 8. An apparatuscomprising: a data collection module configured to obtain informationspecifying a set of available paths among network elements within anetwork, wherein specifying the set of available paths includesdetermining whether a path is an egress to ingress type or an ingress toegress type, and comparing a determined number of hops of the path witha predetermined threshold; a path analysis module configured to, foreach of the available paths, determine whether one or more regionsassociated with one or more of the network elements are to be excluded,sort the available paths according to a predetermined criterion, and toselectively filter the sorted paths based on either a particular one ofthe network elements, a region associated with one or more of thenetwork elements, or a combination thereof; and a presentation moduleconfigured to display the one or more excluded regions.
 9. An apparatusaccording to claim 8, wherein the network is a circuit-switched network,and the network elements include digital cross connects configured toestablish the paths.
 10. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein thepath analysis module is further configured to select one of the filteredpaths, wherein the selected path is established over the network inresponse to a fault detected within the network.
 11. An apparatusaccording to claim 8, wherein the predetermined criterion includes hoplength, each of the paths includes one or more legs, and the paths areidentified without use of circuit identifiers.
 12. An apparatusaccording to claim 8, wherein the stored information includes a namefield, a description field, a port field, and a type field forcorresponding ones of the network elements.
 13. An apparatus accordingto claim 8, wherein the presentation module is further configured todisplay a graphical user interface that includes, a first section forspecifying an originating network element, a second section forspecifying a destination network element, and a third section forproviding a tree structure arranged according to a number of hops of thepaths.
 14. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the presentationmodule is further configured to display a graphical user interface thatincludes, a first section for specifying the region, and a secondsection for specifying one of the network elements.
 15. A methodcomprising: collecting topology information from a first provisioningsystem corresponding to a first network and from a second provisioningsystem corresponding to a second network; generating a list of availablecommunication paths including determining whether a path is an egress toingress type or an ingress to egress type, and comparing a determinednumber of hops of the path with a predetermined threshold; for each ofthe available communication paths, determining whether one or moreregions associated with one or more of network elements are to beexcluded; filtering the list of available communication paths by eithernetwork element, location, or a combination thereof; and displaying theone or more excluded regions.
 16. A method according to claim 15,wherein the list of available communication paths is determined inresponse to a fault detected within one of the networks.
 17. A methodaccording to claim 15, wherein the available paths are arranged based onhop length.